Kisi-kisi soal TIK Kelas X Semester 2

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Kisi-kisi soal TIK Kelas X Semester 2

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WEB HACKING

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">World Wide Web merupakan bagian dari Internet yang paling populer, sehingga serangan paling banyak terjadi lewat port 80 atau yang dikenal sebagai Web hacking, berupa :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ol> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Deface situs</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">SQL injection</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Memanfaatkan kelemahan scripting maupun HTML form.</span></li> </ol> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><b>Deface</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><b><br /></b></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Deface adalah suatu aktivitas mengubah halaman depan atau isi suatu situs Web sehingga tampilan atau isinya sesuai dengan yang anda kehendaki. Deface banyak terjadi pada situs e-commerce web yang menggunakan Microsoft IIS. Ini dikarenakan adanya bug pada IIS yang dikenal sebagai unicode bug. Dengan adanya bug ini seseorang dapat mengakses command line shell cmd.exe pada server keluarga Windows NT.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><b>Teknik-teknik Deface Situs Web</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara garis besarnya deface ini dapat dilakukan dengan 3 cara yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ol> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Secara umum, Memasukkan Input Illegal </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Tujuan adalah agar user terlempar keluar dari direktori file-file web server dan masuk ke root directory untuk kemudian menjalankan cmd.exe dan mengamati struktur direktori pada NT server sasaran.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Dengan TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) adalah protokol berbasis UDP yang listen pada port 69 dan sangat rawan keamanannya dan kebanyakan web server menjalankan servis TFTP ini.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Dengan FTP dengan Web yang telah diisi bahan deface. Setiap NT server memiliki file ftp.exe untuk melakukan FTP upload ataupun FTP download (dari dan ke sever itu).</span></li> </ol> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><b>NETCAT</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Netcat memungkinkan anda membentuk port filter sendiri yang memungkinkan file transfer tanpa menggunakan FTP. Lebih jauh lagi, Netcat dapat digunakan untuk menghindari port filter pada kebanyakan firewall, menspoof IP address, sampai melakukan spoof session hijacking.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengamankan server IIS dari deface<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ul> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Selalu mengupdate dengan service pack dan hotfix terbaru.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Melindungi dengan oleh firewall dan IDS (intrusion detection system).</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Menghilangkan Opsi Tulis pada Protokol HTTP (HTTP 1.0 atau HTTP 1.1)</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perintah-perintah yang didukung HTTP 1.0 dan HTTP 1.1 CONNECT*, DELETE*, GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, POST, PUT,TRACE<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><b>SQL Injection</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ul> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• SQL Injection attack merupakan salah satu teknik dalam melakukan web hacking untuk menggapai akses pada sistem database berbasis Microsoft SQL Server.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Teknik ini memanfaatkan kelemahan dalam bahasa pemograman scripting pada SQL dalam mengolah suatu sistem database yang memungkinkan seseorang tanpa account dapat masuk dan lolos verifikasi dari MS SQL server.</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh : Memasukkan karakter ‘ OR ‘ ‘= pada username dan password pada suatu situs.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk mengatasi hal ini, atur agar:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ul> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Hanya karakter tertentu yang boleh diinput.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Jika terdeteksi adanya illegal character, langsung tolak permintaan.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">JavaScript: Client Side Scripting</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• JavaScript adalah bahasa scripting yang paling populer di internet dan bekerja pada banyak browser seperti Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, Netscape, Opera.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Menggunakan sintaks seperti C++/Java.</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh scripting language yang bekerja di sisi client:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ul> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• JavaScript</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Client side VB Script</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adapun scripting language di sisi server:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ul> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• ASP (Active Server Pages)</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• JSP (Java Server Pages)</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• PHP (Personal Home Page)</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelemahan Dasar HTML Form<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </div> <ul> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Formulir dalam format HTML (HTML Form) adalah tampilan yang digunakan untuk menampilkan jendela untuk memasukkan username dan password.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Setiap HTML form harus menggunakan salah satu metode pengisian formulir, yaitu GET atau POST.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Melalui kedua metode HTTP ini (GET atau POST) parameter disampaikan ke aplikasi di sisi server.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Masalahnya dengan menggunakan GET, variabel yang digunakan akan terlihat pada kotak URL, yang memungkinkan pengunjung langsung memasukkan karakter pada form process, selain juga perintah GET dibatasi oleh string sepanjang 2047 karakter. Variabel juga dapat diambil dengan Request.QueryString.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• POST biasa digunakan untuk mengirim data dalam jumlah besar ke aplikasi di sisi server, sehingga tidak menggunakan URL query string yang terbatas. POST juga lebih aman sebab variabel tidak terlihat oleh pengunjung, sehingga lebih sulit dimainkan lewat perubahan nama variabel. Namun variabel tetap dapat diambil dengan RequestForm.</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Mencari informasi mengenai Web Server</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">• Menggunakan www.google.com</span></li> <li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.25pt;">Memasukan keyword allinurl dengan memodifikasi ke berbagai bentuk karena Google akan mencari semua URL dalam sebuah situs.</span></li> </ul> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- allinurl:.co.nz/admin.asp<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- allinurl:.co.id atau net atau org, or.id<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- allinurl:.fr/admin.asp<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tool untuk memeriksa Vulnerabilities<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Happy Browser adalah Software yang digunakan sebagai tool untuk memeriksa, mencari, atau melacak komputerkomputer server yang security-nya sangat lemah (vulnerabilities). Di ciptakan pada akhir tahun 1999 oleh Doc Holiday dan Ganymed.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- www.computec.ch/software/webserver<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- www16.brinkster.com/erytricky/Software/thc.zip<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Hacking Tools: Instant Source, Wget, WebSleuth, Black Widow, Window Bomb<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keamanan Mail Server<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• E-mail sudah digunakan orang sejak awal terbentuknya internet pada sekitar tahun 1969.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Alamat e-mail merupakan gabungan dari nama user dan domain name  ;user@domainname. Misalnya: dion@gmail.com.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Proses pengiriman Email memanfaatkan protokol SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol - bekerja di port 25) atau UUCP. Protokol SMTP hanya bekerja untuk berkomunikasi dengan server mail remote, tidak untuk server lokal.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Sedangkan pengguna Email dapat membaca e-mailnya menggunakan protokol POP. Setiap pengguna memiliki 'mailbox' pada mail server tempat mail yang ditujukan kepada pengguna tersebut disimpan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Mail server hanya sebuah aplikasi yang berurusan dengan lalu lintas email, tidak secara langsung berhubungan dengan user yang akan berkirim email.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Sistem email memiliki dua komponen<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Mail User Agent (MUA) Berhubungan dengan pengguna.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: Pine, Eudora, Netscape, Outlook dan Pegasus.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Yang melakukan pengiriman email.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh: sendmail, qmail, Exim, postfix, Mdaemon, exchange<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Komponen email<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Email terdiri dari tiga buah komponen, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Envelope, atau amplop. Ini digunakan oleh MTA untuk pengiriman. Envelope ditandai dengan dua buah perintah SMTP : MAIL from: tukul@students.ee.itb.ac.id RCPT to: susan@lskk.itb.ac.id<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Header, digunakan oleh user agent. Ada kurang lebih sembilan field header, yaitu: Received, Message-Id, From, Date, Reply-To, X-Phone, X-mailer, To dan Subject. Setiap field header berisi sebuah nama yang diikuti oleh sebuah titik dua (:), dan nilai dari field header tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Body merupakan isi pesan dari pengirim ke penerima.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh email<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• header – body<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">From: "Jimmy" <jimmy@tabloidpcplus.com><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">To: "Anton" <anton@bsi.ac.id><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">References: <WorldClient-<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">F200506212027.AA27280044@bsi.ac.id><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subject: Re: Tanya mengenai workshop PC Plus<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Date: Wed, 22 Jun 2005 11:01:01 +0700<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Return-path: <jimmy@tabloidpcplus.com><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Received: from mail.ub.net.id ([202.146.0.14])<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">by bsi.ac.id ([202.183.1.20])<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">with SMTP (MDaemon.PRO.v6.7.8.R)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">for <anton@bsi.ac.id>; Wed, 22 Jun 2005 11:26:15 +0700<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Received: (qmail 26119 invoked by uid 1006); 22 Jun 2005 10:43:18 +0700<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Received: from jimmy@tabloidpcplus.com by mail by uid 89 with qmail-scanner-1.22-st-qms<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(clamdscan: 0.73. spamassassin: 2.63. Clear:RC:1(127.0.0.1):.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Processed in 2.007306 secs); 22 Jun 2005 03:43:18 -0000<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">X-Antivirus-MYDOMAIN-Mail-From: jimmy@tabloidpcplus.com via mail<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">X-Antivirus-MYDOMAIN: 1.22-st-qms (Clear:RC:1(127.0.0.1):. Processed in 2.007306 secs Process 26113)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Received: from mail.ub.net.id (HELO infokomputer.com) ()<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">by mail.ub.net.id with SMTP; 22 Jun 2005 10:43:16 +0700<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Received: from jimmy<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">by infokomputer.com<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(MDaemon.PRO.v6.8.4.R)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">with ESMTP id 21-md50000000164.tmp<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">for <anton@bsi.ac.id>; Wed, 22 Jun 2005 11:08:23 +0700<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Message-ID: <00a901c576df$00cf3010$79260f0a@jimmy><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">From: "Jimmy" <jimmy@tabloidpcplus.com><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">To: "Anton" <anton@bsi.ac.id><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">References: <WorldClient-F200506212027.AA27280044@bsi.ac.id><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subject: Re: Tanya mengenai workshop PC Plus<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Date: Wed, 22 Jun 2005 11:01:01 +0700<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">MIME-Version: 1.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Content-Type: text/plain;<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">charset="Windows-1252"<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">X-Priority: 3<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">X-MSMail-Priority: Normal<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penyadapan email - confidentiality problem<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Email seperti kartu pos (postcard) yang dapat dibaca oleh siapa saja. Terbuka.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Email dikirimkan oleh MTA ke “kantor pos” terdekat untuk diteruskan ke “kantor pos” berikutnya. Hopping. Sampai akhirnya di tujuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Potensi penyadapan dapat terjadi di setiap titik yang dilalui.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proteksi terhadap penyadapan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menggunakan enkripsi untuk mengacak isi surat,<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh proteksi: PGP(Pretty Good Privacy)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) adalah suatu program / protokol enkripsi yang menyediakan fasilitas enkripsi (penyandian) dan autentikasi untuk layanan electronic mail dan penyimpanan file. PGP diciptakan oleh Phil Zimmerman pada tahun 1991. Telah digunakan dalam berbagai perusahaan untuk melindungi transfer data via email maupun penyimpanan berkas. PGP adalah aplikasi free open source. Zimmerman sebagai pencipta PGP menyebarkan aplikasi yang dia buat secara bebas.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Email palsu<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Mudah membuat email palsu dengan membuat header sesuka anda.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Email palsu ini kemudian dikirimkan via MTA atau langsung via SMTP<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Aktivitas tercatat di server dalam berkas log<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proteksi: email palsu<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Lihat header untuk mengetahui asal email dan Menggunakan digital signature.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Namun keduanya jarang dilakukan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Spamming<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Spam adalah email sampah. Email yang masuk kedalam inbox kita yang berisi informasi yang sebenarnya tidak kita inginkan. Biasanya email spam berisi informasi produk, promosi atau iklan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Kadang spam juga berisi informasi-informasi bohong (hoax), penipuan atau bisa berupa fakta tetapi sudah dirubah sebagian sehingga validitasnya tidak dapat dijamin lagi.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Proteksi: MTA dipasang proteksi terhadap spamming<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mailbomb<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Biasanya email spam ini dikirimkan ke banyak alamat email oleh satu pihak 'spammer' dengan menggunakan apa yang disebut dengan istilah 'email bombing'. Satu email berisi pesan-pesan tertentu, semisal iklan atau hoax dlsb. dikirimkan ke banyak alamat email yang bisa didapat dari mailing list tertentu atau daftar alamat email yang dimiliki oleh 'spammer'.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Proteksi: membatasi ukuran email, quota disk, menggunakan filter khusus<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mail relay<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menggunakan server orang lain untuk mengirimkan email Akibat:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Bandwidth orang lain terpakai untuk mengirim email tersebut (yang biasanya banyak)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Mengelabui penerima email<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Proteksi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Mail Abuse Prevention System<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://mail-abuse.org/<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– ORBZ – Open Relay Blackhole Zone<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://www.orbz.org/<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– ORDB – Open Relay Database<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://www.ordb.org/<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– RBL-type services<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/users/reriksso/rbl/rbl.html<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eksploitasi Keamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anatomi suatu serangan hacking<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Footprinting<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mencari rincian informasi terhadap sistemsistem untuk dijadikan sasaran, mencakup pencarian informasi dengan search engine, whois, dan DNS zone transfer.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hacking Tools<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• whois, host, nslookup, dig (tools di sistem UNIX)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Sam Spade (tools di sistem Windows) http://www.samspade.org.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• ARIN, Traceroute, NeoTrace, VisualRoute Trace, SmartWhois, Visual Lookout, VisualRoute Mail Tracker, eMailTrackerPro<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Scanning<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Terhadap sasaran tertentu dicari pintu masuk yang paling mungkin. Digunakan ping sweep dan port scan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Mencari informasi mengenai suatu alamat IP dapat menggunakan beberapa software seperti<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. WinSuperKit - http://www.mjksoft.com<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Ping Plotter – http://www.pingplotter.com<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. SuperScan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. UltraScan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5. Lain-lain<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. Enumeration.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Telaah intensif terhadap sasaran, yang mencari user account absah, network resource and share, dan aplikasi untuk mendapatkan mana yang proteksinya lemah.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. Gaining Access.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mendapatkan data lebih banyak lagi untuk mulai mencoba mengakses sasaran. Meliputi mengintip dan merampas password, menebak password, serta melakukan buffer overflow.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5. Escalating Privilege.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bila baru mendapatkan user password di tahap sebelumnya, di tahap ini diusahakan mendapat privilese admin jaringan dengan password cracking atau exploit sejenis getadmin, sechole, atau lc_messages.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6. Pilfering<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses pengumpulan informasi dimulai lagi untuk mengidentifikasi mekanisme untuk mendapatkan akses ke trusted system. Mencakup evaluasi trust dan pencarian cleartext password di registry, config file, dan user data.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7. Covering Tracks<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Begitu kontrol penuh terhadap sistem diperoleh, maka menutup jejak menjadi prioritas.Meliputi membersihkan network log dan penggunaan hide tool seperti macammacam rootkit dan file streaming.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Hacking Tool Dump Event Log, elsave.exe, WinZapper, Evidence Eliminator<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">8. Creating Backdoors.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pintu belakang diciptakan pada berbagai bagian dari sistem untuk memudahkan masuk kembali ke sistem ini dengan cara membentuk user account palsu, menjadwalkan batch job, mengubah startup file, menanamkan servis pengendali jarak jauh serta monitoring tool, dan menggantikan aplikasi dengan trojan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">9. Denial of Service.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Bila semua usaha di atas gagal, penyerang dapat melumpuhkan sasaran sebagai usaha terakhir.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Berusaha mencegah pemakai yang sah untuk mengakses sebuah sumber daya atau informasi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Biasanya ditujukan kepada pihak-pihak yang memiliki pengaruh luas dan kuat<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(mis: perusahaan besar, tokoh-tokoh politik, dsb)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Teknik DoS<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Mengganggu aplikasi (mis: membuat webserver down)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Mengganggu sistem (mis: membuat sistem operasi down)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Mengganggu jaringan (mis: dengan TCP SYN flood)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Contoh: MyDoom worm email (berita dari F-Secure, 28 Januari 2004) http://www.f-secure.com/news/items/news_2004012800.shtml<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Ditemukan pertama kali 26 Januari 2004<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Menginfeksi komputer yang diserangnya. Komputer yang terinfeksi diperintahkan untuk melakukan DoS ke www.sco.com pada tanggal 1 Februari 2004 jam 16:09:18<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Pada saat itu, diperkirakan 20-30% dari total lalulintas e-mail di seluruh dunia disebabkan oleh pergerakan worm ini<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Penyebaran yang cepat disebabkan karena:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• “Penyamaran” yang baik (tidak terlihat berbahaya bagi user)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Penyebaran terjadi saat jam kantor<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Koleksi alamat email sasaran yang agresif (selain mengambil dari address book di komputer korban, juga membuat alamat email sendiri)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klasifikasi DoS Attack<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• LAN Attacks, Smurf, Buffer Overflow Attacks<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Ping Of death<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Teardrop<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• SYN<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Tribal Flow Attack<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">LAND Attack<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• LAND attack : serangan terhadap suatu server/komputer yang terhubung dalam suatu jaringan yang bertujuan untuk menghentikan layanan yang diberikan oleh server tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Tipe serangan disebut sebagai Denial of Service (DoS) attack.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• LAND attack dikategorikan sebagai serangan SYN (SYN attack) karena menggunakan packet SYN (synchronization) pada waktu melakukan 3-way handshake untuk membentuk suatu hubungan antara client dengan server berbasis TCP/IP.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PING OF DEATH<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Ping of Death merupakan suatu serangan DoS terhadap suatu server/komputer yang terhubung dalam suatu jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Serangan ini memanfaatkan fitur yang ada di TCP/IP yaitu packet fragmentation atau pemecahan paket, dan juga kenyataan bahwa batas ukuran paket di protokol IP adalah 65536 byte atau 64 kilobyte.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Penyerang dapat mengirimkan berbagai paket ICMP (digunakan untuk melakukan ping) yang terfragmentasi sehingga waktu paket-paket tersebut disatukan kembali, maka ukuran paket seluruhnya melebihi batas 65536 byte<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">TEARDROP<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Teardrop attack adalah suatu serangan bertipe DoS terhadap suatu server/komputer yang terhubung dalam suatu jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Teardrop attack ini memanfaatkan fitur yang ada di TCP/IP yaitu packet fragmentation atau pemecahan paket, dan kelemahan yang ada di TCP/IP pada waktu paket-paket yang terfragmentasi tersebut disatukan kembali.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Dalam suatu pengiriman data dari satu komputer ke komputer yang lain melalui jaringan berbasis TCP/IP, maka data tersebut akan dipecah-pecah menjadi beberapa paket yang lebih kecil di komputer asal, dan paket-paket tersebut dikirim dan kemudian disatukan kembali di komputer tujuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HALF OPEN CONNECTION<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Half-open connection attack juga disebut sebagai SYN attack karena memanfaatkan paket SYN (synchronization) dan kelemahan yang ada di 3-way handshake pada waktu hubungan TCP/IP ingin dibentuk antara 2 komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">UDP BOMB ATTACK<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• UDP Bomb attack adalah suatu serangan bertipe DoS terhadap suatu server atau komputer yang terhubung dalam suatu jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Untuk melakukan serangan UDP Bomb terhadap suatu server, seorang penyerang mengirim sebuah paket UDP (User Datagram Protocol) yang telah dispoof atau direkayasa sehingga berisikan nilai-nilai yang tidak valid di field-field tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Jika server yang tidak terproteksi masih menggunakan sistem operasi (operating system) lama yang tidak dapat menangani paket-paket UDP yang tidak valid ini, maka<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">server akan langsung crash<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keamanan Wireless Networking<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wireless technology<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Celluler-based wireless data solutions<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Mempergunakan saluran komunikasi celluler yang sudah ada untuk mengirimkan data (CDMA/GPRS)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Wireless LAN (WLAN) solutions<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Hubungan wireless dalam lingkup area yang terbatas, biasanya 10 s/d 100 meter dari base station ke Access Point (AP)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Mulai meningkat sampai ke 15 mil (WiMax)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sekilas mengenai WLAN<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Sebuah teknologi yang memungkinkan pengiriman data dengan kecepatan antara 11- 54 Megabyte per second. Teknologi ini dikenal dengan sebutan Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), yang bekerja pada jaringan 3G dan dapat membantu pengguna internet berkomunikasi data secara nirkabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Wireless Local Area Network sebenarnya hampir sama dengan jaringan LAN, akan tetapi setiap node pada WLAN menggunakan wireless device untuk berhubungan dengan jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• node pada WLAN menggunakan channel frekuensi yang sama dan SSID yang menunjukkan identitas dari wireless device.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Jaringan wireless memiliki dua mode yang dapat digunakan : infastruktur dan Ad-Hoc.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Konfigurasi infrastruktur adalah komunikasi antar masingmasing PC melalui sebuah access point pada WLAN atau LAN.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">– Komunikasi Ad-Hoc adalah komunikasi secara langsung antara masing-masing komputer dengan menggunakan piranti wireless.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Komponen-Komponen WLAN<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada empat komponen utama dalam WLAN, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Access Point, berfungsi mengkonversikan sinyal frekuensi radio (RF) menjadi sinyal digital yang akan disalurkan melalui kabel, atau disalurkan ke perangkat WLAN yang lain dengan dikonversikan ulang menjadi sinyal frekuensi radio.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Wireless LAN Interface, merupakan peralatan yang dipasang di Mobile/Desktop PC, peralatan yang dikembangkan secara massal adalah dalam bentuk PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) card, PCI card maupun melalui port USB (Universal Serial Bus).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Mobile/Desktop PC, merupakan perangkat akses untuk pengguna, mobile PC pada umumnya sudah terpasang port PCMCIA sedangkan desktop PC harus ditambahkan wireless adapter melalui PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) card atau USB (Universal Serial Bus).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Antena external (optional) digunakan untuk memperkuat daya pancar. Antena ini dapat dirakit sendiri oleh user. contoh : antena kaleng.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Standar IEEE 802.11<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Komponen logic dari Access Point (AP) adalah ESSID (Extended Service Set IDentification). Pengguna harus mengkoneksikan wireless adapter ke AP dengan ESSID tertentu supaya transfer data bisa terjadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• ESSID menjadi autentifikasi standar dalam komunikasi wireless. Dalam segi keamanan beberapa vendor tertentu membuat kunci autentifikasi tertentu untuk proses autentifikasi dari klien ke AP.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Rawannya segi keamanan ini membuat IEEE mengeluarkan standarisasi Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP), sebuah aplikasi yang sudah ada dalam setiap PCMCIA card.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• WEP ini berfungsi meng-encrypt data sebelum ditransfer ke sinyal Radio Frequency (RF), dan men-decrypt kembali data dari sinyal RF.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masalah keamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Cloning handphone AMPS untuk curi pulsa<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Cloning SIM card<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Airsnort dapat menyadap paket WLAN. Tools lain seperti Netstumbler, WEPcrack, dll mulai banyak tersedia<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• NIST di Amerika melarang penggunakan WLAN untuk sistem yang memiliki data-data confidential<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Bluetooth jacking, bluestumbler: mencuri data-data melalui bluetooth<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Pencurian fisik (perangkat wireless yang biasanya kecil ukurannya) dan data Penyadapan, man-in-middle attack, passive attack dapat dilakukan. Contoh: informasi seperti daftar nomor telepon, calendar, dan data-data lainnya bisa dibaca melalui bluetooth tanpa pengamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Resource perangkat wireless yang terbatas (CPU, memory, kecepatan) sehingga menyulitkan pengamanan dengan encryption misalnya<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Pengguna tidak dapat membuat sistem sendiri, bergantung kepada vendor<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Dos, active attack, injection of new (fake) traffic, mengirim pesan sampah (blue jacking), hijacking information<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Fokus utama dari wireless adalah transfer data secepat mungkin. Pengamanan dengan enkripsi (apalagi dengan resources terbatas) menghambat kecepatan sehingga menjadi nomor dua.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Pengguna tidak tahu ada masalah keamanan<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Fokus<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Identity & Authentication, belum pada confidentiality<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Biasanya yang dideteksi adalah device (perangkat) bukan usernya<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">>> ditambahi dengan PIN. Biometrics. (biometrik lebih sering dipakai sebagai alat otentikasi dengan cara menganalisis karakteristik tubuh manusia yang digunakan, misalnya sidik jari, retina mata, bentuk wajah, cetakan tangan, suara dan lain-lain.)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Pengelolaan sistem dengan banyak Acces Point menyulitkan (misalnya bagaimana dengan single signon, pengguna dynamics firewall untuk akses ke jaringan internal<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengamanan Jaringan WiFi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Segmentasi jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memasukkan wireless ke sisi extranet yang dianggap kurang aman<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Aktifkan MAC Address filtering<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setiap peralatan Wi-Fi pastilah memiliki suatu identifikasi yang unik yang dinamakan “physical address” atau MAC address<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Ganti Password Administrator default<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bila perlu ganti pula usernamenya, Jantung dari jaringan Wi-Fi di rumah Anda adalah access point atau router<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengamanan Jaringan WiFi (lanjutan)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Aktifkan enkripsi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Semua peralatan Wi-Fi pasti mendukung beberapa bentuk dari keamanan data. Intinya enkripsi akan mengacak data yang dikirim pada jaringan nirkabel sehingga tidak mudah dibaca oleh pihak lain Standar umum security yang digunakan adalah WEP karena konfigurasi Zero configuration atau sistem setup network Windows dapat langsung mengunakan sistem pengaman dengan WEP. Sedangkan sistem pengaman lain adalah WPA.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Penggunaan end-to end encyption pada level aplikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Ganti SSID default<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Access point atau router menggunakan suatu nama jaringan yang disebut dengan SSID. Vendor biasanya memberi nama produk access point mereka dengan suatu default SSID<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Matikan broadcast dari SSID<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam jaringan Wi-Fi, maka access point atau router biasanya akan membroadcast SSID secara reguler<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Berikan alamat IP statis kepada peranti Wi-Fi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saat ini cenderung orang memanfaatkan DHCP untuk memberikan alamat IP secara otomatis kepada klien yang ingin terhubung ke jaringan nirkabel.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Wireless Network Mode : Mixed (default Access Point yang akan support pada standard 802.11b dan 802.11g)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Wireless Network Name : Lab Wireless (Nama Access Point yang akan (SSID) terdeteksi di jaringan wireless )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Wireless Channel : 6-2.437 GHz (default kanal yang digunakan)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Wireless SSID Broadcast : Enabled (SSID akan dibroadcast ke jaringan wireless)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Pada Network Authentication terdapat Open atau Open system, diartikan network tidak memiliki authentication dan mengijinkan perangkat / computer lain dan bebas memasuki network yang ada tanpa adanya pengaman.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Dan Shared key, diartikan setiap perangkat atau computer yang ingin bergabung akan ditanyakan kunci pengaman.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• WPA (Wi-Fi ProtectedAccess)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Pengamanan jaringan nirkabel dengan menggunakan metoda WPAPSK jika tidak ada authentikasi server yang digunakan. Access point dapat dijalankan dengan mode WPA tanpa menggunakan bantuan komputer lain sebagai server.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Dua algoritma WPA yang disediakan, terdiri dari algoritma TKIP atau algoritma AES.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebuah protokol yang didefinisikan oleh IEEE 802.11i yang mengkhususkan untuk jaringan nirkabel untuk menggantikan WEP. TKIP didesain untuk menggantikan WEP tanpa mengubah / mengganti perangkat keras. Hal ini diperlukan karena "buruknya" jenis pengamanan WEP meninggalkan jaringan nirkabel tanpa aktif mengamankan link-layer.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• TKIP, seperti WEP, menggunakan skema kunci berdasarkan RC4, tetapi tidak seperti WEP, TKIP meng-enkripsi semua paket data yang dikirimkan dengan kunci enkripsi yang unik.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Setelah Shared-Key didapat, maka client yang akan bergabung dengan access point cukup memasukkan angka/kode yang diijinkan dan dikenal oleh access point. Prinsip kerja yang digunakan WPA-PSK sangat mirip dengan pengamanan jaringan nirkabel dengan menggunakan metoda Shared-Key.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) diperkenalkan pada<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Desember 2001 yang merupakan algoritma yang lebih efisien dibanding algoritma sebelumnya. Mempunyai 9, 11 atau 13 kitaran untuk kunci 128 bit, 192 dan 256 bit.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• WPA-PSK (Wi-Fi Protected Access – Pre Shared Key) adalah pengamanan jaringan nirkabel dengan menggunakan metoda WPA-PSK jika tidak ada authentikasi server yang digunakan. Access point dapat dijalankan dengan mode WPA tanpa menggunakan bantuan komputer lain sebagai server.</span></div>

WEB HACKING

World Wide Web merupakan bagian dari Internet yang paling populer, sehingga serangan paling banyak terjadi lewat port 80 atau yang dikenal...

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